Arrange arugula on a plate or platter. Drizzle with olive oil, lemon juice, and add a good pinch of salt. Toss to coat the greens with dressing. Set aside.
To prepare the oranges, start with a very sharp knife. Cut the top and bottom off an orange. Place an orange flat side down on a cutting board. Following the shape of the orange, cut the peel and pith off all the way around. Either hold the orange in your hand or place it on the cutting board and cut toward the center, inside the membrane. Cut inside the adjacent membrane until the cuts meet and remove the segment. Repeat for all the oranges, placing segments on top of the dressed greens. Hold the empty membranes over the salad and squeeze out the juice, an added bonus!
Arrange avocado, hearts of palm, and pomegranate seeds on top. Enjoy immediately.